国外专业网站对李太生教授的访谈
http://www.hiv-reservoir.net/Latest-News-on-HIV-Reservoirs-Eradication/hiv-in-tears-despite-art.html
HIV in Tears Despite ART? 抗病毒治疗后眼泪中存在HIV？
In a research letter to be published in AIDS, a Beijing team shows that HIV-1 RNA remains detectable in tears from a majority of patients despite effective ART. This observation raises the possibility that lacrimal glands and/or other tear-associated tissues are a new reservoir for HIV.
在AIDS期刊即将付印的一期中，有一篇研究信，讲述北京的一个团队发现HIV-1型病毒的RNA在大多数病人（虽然已经进行了有效的抗病毒治疗）的泪液中仍然可被检测到。这项观察提出泪腺及/或其它跟眼泪有关的组织可能是HIV的新的“储蓄库”。
This cross-sectional study involved 21 HIV-1 infected subjects (16 with successful plasma viral load suppression for at least 3 months, 2 ARV-na ve subjects and 3 with viral failure) and 5 controls (1). These patients did not have any clinical ophthalmic symptoms and a specific examination at this level was normal in each case.
这项多区段研究涉及到21名HIV-1型病毒感染者，其中16人经过抗病毒治疗已经实现血液中病毒载量抑制3个月以上，2人刚刚开始治疗，3人治疗失败，另有5个HIV阴性对照。这些病人没有任何眼部的临床症状，而且对每个人都进行了详细的检查。
Both qualitative and quantitative PCR were performed. HIV-1 RNA was measured in tear samples by bDNA in all cases and, in 7 cases, by TaqMan. The tear HIV-1 load was 5,181 ± 7,283 copies/ml in the 16 subjects with undetectable viral load in plasma (for 27.2 ± 14.3 months) and 4,477 ± 5,276 copies/ml in the 5 patients with detectable viremia (difference not significant). No positive detection was found in controls.
研究中采用了定性和定量PCR检测，并采用bDNA技术对所有人的泪液样本进行了HIV-1RNA的测定，其中7个案例还采用了TaqMan检测。16个血液病载检测不到的病人（治疗时间为27.2月±14.3个月）的泪液HIV-1载量为5,181 ± 7,283 拷贝/ml，血液病载可测得的5名病人中的泪液HIV-1载量为4,477 ± 5,276 拷贝/ml（有差异但不显著）。对照组中没有检测出HIV-1RNA。
We asked Professor Taisheng Li, principal investigator of this study, a few questions:
我们向该项研究的主要负责人李太生教授提出了几个问题。
Alain Lafeuillade: How did you come to study this body fluid? 您为什么想到研究泪液？
Taisheng Li: We wanted to collect tear to separate HIV material and sequence env, gag or pol genes. The aim was to compare the differences of HIV genome sequences among tear, plasma and PBMCs.我们本来想收集泪液从中分离HIV的成分并做相关的几个基因测序的，其目的是用于比较泪液、唾液和外周血单核细胞中的HIV基因序列的差异。
AL: How did you collect these tears and what was the average amount of liquid you obtained? 您是如何收集泪液样本的？平均样本量是多少？
TL: After informed consent, clinical nurse specialists and psychologist influenced patients mood to induce burst into tears. Technician collected these tears as soon as possible with RNase-free tip and tube. About 0.5ml-1.5ml tear collected from per patient was stored at -80 centigrade freezer for HIV-1 viral load assay. 在获得知情同意后，专业护士和心理学家通过影响病人的情绪来引起病人流泪，检验人员则用无核糖核酸酶的拭子和试管立刻收集他们的泪液。每个病人大约采集到0.5-1毫升的泪液，并储藏在摄氏零下80度的环境下以用于HIV-1病载检测。
AL: What are the principal drugs these patients were receiving in their antiretroviral combinations? 这些病人正在服用的抗病毒药物组合主要有哪些？
TL: For a total of 19 patients taking HAART, medicines were as follows: 19名在治的病人中，药物组合如下：
| 3TC/AZT/NVP | 7 |
| 3TC/AZT/EFV | 3 |
| 3TC/D4T/EFV | 2 |
| 3TC/D4T/NVP | 2 |
| 3TC/DDI/NVP | 1 |
| AZT/DDI/NVP | 1 |
| D4T/DDI/NVP | 1 |
| 3TC/AZT/LPVr | 1 |
| 3TC/DDI/LPVr | 1 |
AL: You concluded that precautions should be taken when doing eye examinations. How can you tell that this HIV RNA is infectious? 您的结论是对HIV感染者进行眼部检查或手术时要采取防护措施。您是从何判断这些HIV病毒的RNA具有传染性的？
TL: We cannot verify the HIV RNA in tear is infectious or if living HIV particles are present in this kind of study. However, commercial viral load kit and quality PCR assay confirmed existence of HIV RNA or RNA fragment in tear, even in the presence of successful plasma viral load suppression in patients. Consequently, we suggested the necessity of taking precautions when operating on eyes. 在这种研究中，我们无法确定这些泪液中的HIV RNA是否具有传染性或者是否存在具有活性的HIV颗粒。但是，既然这些已经商用的病载检测试剂和定性PCR检测技术都正式泪液中存在HIV病毒的RNA或其碎片，即使病人的血液病载已成功抑制后也是如此，我们就据此提出了眼部检查和手术时采取防护措施的建议。
AL: How do you explain your results and how are you trying to go further? 您如何解释您的研究结果，下一步打算如何继续？
TL: We think it is very interesting findings. The results provide the possibility that lacrimal glands and/or other tear-associated tissues are a new reservoir for HIV. Therefore, our research team is trying to duplicate virus and isolate viral genomic full-length sequence by viral culture in PBMC or cell line. 我们认为这些发现十分有趣。其结果提出了一种可能，即泪腺及/或其它与眼泪有关的组织也可能是HIV新的储存库。因此，我们的研究团队正试图复制这些病毒，并通过在外周血单核细胞或细胞系中进行病毒培养来进行病毒基因全长序列的分离测序。
评论中有人建议：
These results might be interesting, but authors must verify the real infectivity of HIV using cell culture methods [i.e. co-cultivation of biological samples in permissive cell lines (H9, C8166 and so on)]. 这些结果也许很有趣，但是作者应核实泪液中的HIV-1 RNA到底有多大的传染性，可以采取细胞培养方法（如在允许细胞系内进行生物样本的共同培养）
The characterizatio n of HIV strains (type and subtype) might add important information.
Waiting these results… sincerely
译者补充：
1、即使从该实验的数据来看，泪液中的病毒量也低于造成感染所需要的水平，因此传统的认为泪液、汗液和唾液不具传染性的观点仍是可靠的。
2、HIV病毒造成感染需要通过血液或黏膜才能发生，日常接触感染源所带来的感染风险非常非常低。
3、该研究虽然证实泪液中存在HIV RNA，但是未能证实是否存在具有活性的HIV病毒。没有活性的病毒是无法跟CD4细胞结合造成感染的。
