各位朋友，大家好：
中国全球基金观察项目现发布"治理与透明度研究系列"第一期《萌芽中的民主－2006／07中国草根非政府组织代表选举报告》。该报告对2006／07年举行的中国全球基金项目国家协调委员会非政府组织类别选举进行了纪录，同时搜集整理了与该次选举相关的资料一同出版(中英文合刊）。
Dear All:
China Global Fund Watch now publicize "Governance and Transparency
Research Series" issue I:Democracy in Bud--2006/7 China CBO/NGO
Representative Election.The Report documented China Global Fund
program Country Coordinate Mechanism(China CCM) NGO Representative
election process,together with other related paper and materials（Most
with Chinese/English version).
《萌芽中的民主》－－－序
写在前面
本书的主题词有两个,一个是疾病防治,另一个是公众参与 。把这两个词串联在一
起的,是一个来自特殊领域的代表的产生。
自古以来,疾病就是人类的天敌。特别是传染病的肆意流行,不仅严重地侵蚀着数
以千万人的健康和生命,甚至形成了颇为严重的社会问题,进而对人类的尊严和发展提
出了严峻的挑战。在所有的传染病中,艾滋病由于具有特殊的传染途径而染上了令人羞
辱的社会色彩,在与其相关的社会群体中,否定与歧视几乎湮灭了他们对自身权利的诉
求和与命运抗争的活力。近三十年的防治实践让我们得到的重要经验是,如不汇集全人
类的智慧与动员全社会的资源,人类将难以有效地应对这场特殊的挑战。
全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金(简称全球基金)就是这样一个机构:在各国
政府及相关机构的共同支持下,在全球范围内筹集资金并资助抗击这三类疾病的行动。
为了保证其经费使用的目的性和高效率,全球基金要求所有受援国都要成立一个符合善
治原则的,由政府部门、多边和双边机构、非政府组织、学术机构、私营部门以及这三
种疾病感染者的代表组成的决策与管理机构——国家协调委员会(CCM)。
中国的全球基金项目国家协调委员会(中国CCM)成立于2002年。也就是在那一年,
中国成为全球基金的受援国,至今申请的资助总额约达12亿美元。经过数年运行,该机
构的作用充分显现,但也暴露出效率不高、善治不足等问题。在国际社会的推动下,2005
年2月,中国CCM成立特别工作组,对委员会的工作进行全面评估,并在此基础上,修
改了工作章程,提出了改革方案,其核心措施就是在"公开透明、广泛参与、高效运作"
的原则下调整CCM的组织架构,并且要求非政府组织类别组的代表必须通过公开透明、
有记录的程序从其组内产生,这当然也包括唯一的那个来自以社区为基础的非政府组织
的代表。
当今世界,不论走到哪里,选举都是一件大事。从国家主席到村官儿,都在选举中
产生,选举早已成为承载民利、表达民意的重要途径。同时,选举也是一件难事儿,难
就难在充分的民主和广泛的参与,特别是在处于社会边缘的、并不被社会明确认同的"草
根"组织中选出能够代表他们的利益、反映他们心声的代表,更是难上加难。为了应对选
举过程中可能出现的复杂局面和不可避免的大量工作,以联合国艾滋病规划署为召集单
位的选举特别工作组对2006-07年选举提供了全力的支持,这也使我有幸亲历选举的全过
程并与贾平先生逐渐熟识。
2006年8月至2007年3月,中国CCM以社区为基础的非政府组织类别组代表的选举
在国际、国内各利益相关方的关注和支持下、在全国众多草根组织的推动与参与下艰难
而顺利地举行。在这段让所有亲历者都感怀至今的经历中,出现了许多令人难忘的人物
与事件。而人们对贾平先生关注,则缘于他在整个选举不同阶段所扮演的重要角色和发
挥的特殊作用:在选举之前,作为在任的中国CCM以社区为基础的非政府组织类别组的
代表,他深知选举的意义以及对自身的影响;在选举之中,他作为选举核心方案的主要
设计者,以当任代表的身份与相关机构一起,倾力协调和推动了新一轮的选举;在选举
之后,作为公益律师,他客观记述并分析了本届选举的过程和结果,并以一个报告的形
式展现给关注此类事件的读者。
本书的主体部分就是贾平先生撰写的《2007年中国全球基金项目国家协调委员会以
社区为基础的组织和其他非政府组织类别代表选举总结报告》。在附录部分,还收录了
与本次选举相关的文献和资料,这将有助于对事件的记录更加完整和准确。我希望,本
书不仅能为将来类似的民主选举归纳出成功的经验和呈现一个详实的案例,还将为在某
些社会领域之中实现有序的公民参与提供系统而有益的借鉴。
亲历永远比记述蕴含着更多的信息,尽管我们力求展现事件的全过程,多角度,但
也无法归纳周全。如果说,独立人格、权利尊重、理性、宽容与合作在此次选举中显露
萌芽,但愿这民主的萌芽能够生根,引发更多的思考和行动,在公民参与的实践中增进
理解,推动和谐社区的构建与发展。
张 涛
2009年早春 于北京
Preface
The two major themes of this book are disease prevention and public
participation. It is
to these topics that this document begins.
Disease has been an enemy of the human race since the beginning of time.
Widespread infectious diseases threaten the well-being and lives of hundreds of
thousands and can become a serious social problem, challenging the dignity and
development of humanity. Among infections, HIV/AIDS has marked
stigmatization due
to its special mode of transmission. The infected and affected groups
have almost
given up their rights as well as their participation in related
programs as they are
overwhelmed by discrimination. After nearly three decades in the fight against
HIV/AIDS, lesson has highlighted that we can only win with the
engagement of man's
knowledge and social resources.
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund) is a
financial entity to support the prevention and treatment of these
three diseases through
mobilizing resources with the support of global governments and
multi-stakeholders. In
order to manage any grant for the target beneficiary, the Global Fund
requests all
recipient countries establish a decision-making body – Country Coordinating
Mechanism (CCM) in conformity with the principle of good governance.
Representatives from governments, bilateral and multilateral agencies,
non-governmental organizations, academic institutions, private sectors
and people
living with HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria should compose every CCM.
In 2002, China Country Coordinating Mechanism for the Global Fund
Programs (China
CCM) was established, and since then, China has become one of the recipient
counties. To date the total approved Global Fund grants for China has
exceeded $1.2
billion. After years of operation, the function of this mechanism has
been widely
recognized; however, its low efficiency and poor governance has also
emerged. With
the facilitation of international society, China CCM established an ad
hoc working group
in February 2005 to undertake a comprehensive performance assessment. Based on
that, the Terms of Reference for China CCM has been amended and a new plan has
been developed. The core action is to adjust the structure of China
CCM adhering to
the principle of "openness and transparency, broad participation and efficient
operation". Moreover, members from the NGO sector should be elected
from their own
sectors, based on a transparent and documented process, developed
within their own
sector. Among them, one is the representative of "the community-based
organizations or other NGOs".
Nowadays, wherever you go, you will find from village head to nation
president all are
there as a result of election - an important role in presenting
people's will and right. An
election is an important event and at the same time, a huge challenge
in respect of
wide ranging involvement and full democracy. It is harder when
electing a representative from marginalized grassroots organizations
that are not explicitly
recognized by the society to voice out for their rights and interests
In order to deal with any complex issues and the huge administrative work that
emerged during the election process, UNAIDS – as convener of the ad hoc working
group on elections - took the lead in providing full assistance to the
2006-07 election,
which provided me an opportunity to experience the whole process and
get to know Mr.
Jia Ping.
From August 2006 through March 2007, the China CCM election of the
"community-based organizations or other NGOs" sector was held with the
solid support
of national and international society and the active participation of
domestic grassroots
organizations. This election proceeded smoothly but not without a number of
challenges. This provided to those involved, many learning points and
left a profound
effect on the people involved. At the same time, those who came into
contact with Mr.
Jia Ping, were impressed with his ability to keep the election process
to its established
requirements and also recognize his leadership in managing testing
situations. Before
the election, he was the representative of the last China CCM
community-based NGO
sector and was fully aware of the significance of the election and
consequences he
may suffer from its outcome. During the election, as the major drafter
of the core
election plan and the incumbent representative, he proactively coordinated with
multi-stakeholders and facilitated the new election process. After the
election, as a
public interest lawyer, he documented and analyzed objectively the
whole process and
results of the election and presented it to the audience in a written report.
The main body of this book is the Report on 2007 China CCM CBO/NGO Section
Election written by Mr. Jia Ping. Some election relevant documents are
also included
as the annex of this book, which will be complementary to the
comprehensive record of
the whole event. We hope this book not only summarizes best practice
for similar
elections in the future with a real case, but also provides systematic
and useful
reference for meaningful public participation in some societal areas
The book is presented to you with the whole process from different
perspectives.
Unfortunately words alone are no substitute for the actual experience
of the process. If
independent characteristic, rights-based approach, tolerance, rationality and
cooperation, which are all signs of democracy, sprout out of this
election, we sincerely
hope these buds will grow stronger to inspire more thoughts and
actions and bring
more understanding and efforts in public participation and build more
harmonious
communities in China.
Zhang Tao
Early spring, 2009 Beijing
--
中国全球基金观察项目
北京市朝阳区大望路SOHO现代城4-1508
电话：86-10-85897408/98
传真：8610－85897408
电子邮件：gfwatch@gmail.com
China Global Fund Watch Initiative
Add: Room 1508,4th Building,SOHO
88,JianGuo Road,Chao Yang District
Beijing,100020,China
Tel:8610-85897408/98
Fax:8610-85897408
Email:gfwatch@gmail.com
Established in 2007 in Beijing,China Global Fund Watch Initiative
serves as a Non-for-profit organization and think tank which involve
into public participation, good governance and transparency.GF Watch
also works on public health policy & legal research and access to
drugs issues.
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★ 凡是挑釁、謾罵、非理性、過於情緒性、胡亂批評和無意義之言論，或是匿名人士之言論，以及所發表意見出現有不雅、粗鄙之文字等，本郵件組將不予以顯示！
★关宝英，不容你把官场蠹毒之气弥散民间社区，请引咎辞职，扼住以项目资金挟持非政府组织的邪恶之风，维护草根NGO的尊严、维护全球基金的尊严！！！
https://sites.google.com/site/guanbaoyingcizhi
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"China AIDS Group中国艾滋病网络 论坛"
A：要加入：★中国艾滋病网络 http://www.chinaaidsgroup.org
B：要在此论坛发帖，请发电子邮件到 chinaaidsgroup@googlegroups.com
C：要退订此论坛，请发邮件至 chinaaidsgroup-unsubscribe@googlegroups.com
D：Contact us: chinaaidsgroup@gmail.com
★中国艾滋病博物馆/China AIDS Museum： http://www.AIDSmuseum.cn
旗下网站：
——艾博维客 AIDS Wiki ： http://www.AIDSwiki.cn
——艾博聚合（汇聚艾滋病博客）http://www.wanyanhai.org
——中国艾滋病网络：http://www.ChinaAIDSgroup.org
——中国艾滋病地图/China AIDS Map：http://www.AIDSmaps.org
——空腹健身运动：http://www.HungerStrikeforAIDS.org
——艾滋人权 AIDS Rights： http://www.AIDSrights.net
——常坤：为艾滋病防治努力一生：Http://www.changkun.org
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日！
