2009年11月9日星期一

【China AIDS:4845】 《儿童权利公约》20周年特别网站,该条约92年起对中国生效。

儿童权利公约》(Convention on the Rights of the Child)是有关儿童权利的国际公约。 联合国在1989年11月20日会议上通过,1990年9月2日生效。 1990年8月29日,中国常驻联合国大使代表中华人民共和国政府签署了《儿童权利公约》,中国成为第105个签约国。1991年12月29日第七届全国 人民代表大会常务委员会决定批准中国加入《儿童权利公约》。1992年3月2日,中国常驻联合国大使向联合国递交了中国的批准书,从而使中国成为该公约的 第110个批准国。该公约于1992年4月2日对中国生效。

建议 中国艾滋病社区中:儿童工作的组织,在《儿童权利公约》通过20周年之际,开展宣传儿童权利的相关活动。

有研究条件的机构,请考虑对该公约在中国的实施情况做独立报告。

在过去的数年来,从大头娃娃,黑砖窑童工,摘棉花童工,血汗工厂童工,到三鹿奶粉,血铅孩子,还有四川地震的无辜死亡的孩子们。 我们中国人欠儿童的太多太多了。

常坤

2009年11月9日

http://www.unicef.org/rightsite/

20 Years - The Convention on the Rights of the Child

The Convention turns 20 >>

Learn about the progress made in the 20 years since the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child – and about the work that still needs to be done

Perspectives on the Convention >>

UNICEF’s flagship publication The State of the World’s Children has invited a broad range of contributors to give their perspectives on the critical issues facing children’s rights in the 21st century.

Advocates >>

UNICEF’s high-profile advocates all share a commitment to advancing the fundamental rights of children everywhere. See how their involvement is making a difference.

Worldwide events >>

All over the world, organizations, governments and ordinary people are celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Find out about CRC anniversary activities near and far.
 

Multimedia >>

Ukrainian children draw their rights
More
One minute video by a youth from Guyana
More
Claudia Schiffer talks about children's rights
More
 
 
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20 years of the CRC

Poliana da Silva, 7, smiles as she embraces her brother, Gabriel, 4, outside their home in a slum area on the outskirts of the city of Olinda, in the north-eastern Brazilian state of Pernambuco.

1989-2009:

Convention brings progress on child rights, but challenges remain
By Dan Seymour

In 1989, the Convention on the Rights of the Child became the first legally binding international convention to affirm human rights for all children. While great progress has been made on child rights in the past 20 years, much work remains to be done. Dan Seymour, Chief of the Gender and Rights Unit of UNICEF’s Policy and Practice Division, offers his assessment.

NEW YORK, USA, 30 June 2009 – The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) represents a major milestone in the historic effort to achieve a world fit for children. As a binding treaty of international law, it codifies principles that Member States of the United Nations agreed to be universal – for all children, in all countries and cultures, at all times and without exception, simply through the fact of their being born into the human family.

The treaty has inspired changes in laws to better protect children, altered the way international organizations see their work for children, and supported an agenda to better protect children in situations of armed conflict.
Worldwide impact
In every region of the world, we find numerous examples of the CRC’s impact on law and practice. In 1990, Brazil followed ratification of the Convention with a new Statute of the Child and Adolescent based on its principles. Burkina Faso created a Children’s Parliament to review proposed legislation, in response to the principle of participation set forth by the Convention.

The CRC was the first international convention to be ratified by South Africa, leading to changes such as the prohibition of corporal punishment and development of a separate juvenile justice system. The Russian Federation also set up juvenile and family courts in response to the CRC, while Morocco established a National Institute to Monitor Children Rights.

Finland took a number of new measures for children inspired by the Convention, such as a plan for early childhood education and care, a curriculum for the comprehensive school, quality recommendations for school health care, and an action plan against poverty and social exclusion.

And Eritrea issued its Transitional Penal Code, with penalties for parents or guardians who neglect, abuse or abandon their children.
Challenges ahead
This wide acceptance of the CRC can give the misleading impression that it is neither challenging nor new. Yet the very idea that children are the holders of rights is far from universally recognized. Too many children are considered to be the property of adults, and are subjected to various forms of abuse and exploitation.

The recognition that children have a right to a say in decisions affecting them, articulated in Article 12, is not only disrespected on a regular basis; its very legitimacy is questioned by many.

Nor can we claim that we live in a world where children's best interests are the primary consideration in all decisions affecting them – as demanded by Article 3 of the Convention. In fact, the contrary is evidenced by the way the humankind allocates its resources, the limited attention it gives to ensuring the best for its children, the way it conducts its wars.
Foundation for change
Like all powerful ideas, the CRC reflects a demand for deep and profound change in the way the world treats its children.

That the world fails to respect the rights of its children – even to deny that children have rights – is clear in the alarming numbers of children who die of preventable causes, who do not attend school or attend a school that cannot offer them a decent education, who are left abandoned when their parents succumb to AIDS, or who are subjected to violence, exploitation and abuse against which they are unable to protect themselves.

We cannot claim that the Convention has achieved what needs to be achieved. Rather, it has provided all of us with an essential foundation to play our part in changing what needs to be changed.
Power of the Convention
Effecting that change requires us to use the CRC in its fullest sense, and to take advantage of its three fundamental strengths.

• First, it is a legal instrument, defining unequivocally the responsibilities of governments to children within their jurisdiction

• Second, it is a framework for the duties borne by different actors at different levels of society to respond to the rights of children, and it helps us understand the knowledge, skills, resources or authority needed to fulfil those duties

• Third, it is an ethical statement, both reflecting and building upon core human values about our commitment to collectively provide the world’s children with the best we have to give.

This 20th anniversary of the CRC reminds us, most of all, of what we have left to do. The Convention demands a revolution that places children at the heart of human development – not only because this offers a strong return on our investment (although it does) nor because the vulnerability of childhood calls upon our compassion (although it should), but rather for a more fundamental reason: because it is their right.


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★中国艾滋病博物馆/China AIDS Museum: http://www.AIDSmuseum.cn
    旗下网站:
——艾博维客 AIDS Wiki : http://www.AIDSwiki.cn
——艾博聚合(汇聚艾滋病博客)http://www.wanyanhai.org
——中国艾滋病网络:http://www.ChinaAIDSgroup.org
——中国艾滋病地图/China AIDS Map:http://www.AIDSmaps.org
——空腹健身运动:http://www.HungerStrikeforAIDS.org
——艾滋人权 AIDS Rights:  http://www.AIDSrights.net
——常坤:为艾滋病防治努力一生:Http://www.changkun.org
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